Risk Factors of Low Backache in Patients Presenting to A Tertiary Care Hospital of Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan

Authors

  • Wasif Ali Naqvi Muhammad Shafiq, Asghar Khan, Mu bashir Wahab, Muhammad Hamayun Khan5, Muhammad Ali Anjum, Muhammad Ammar, Muhammad Rafi, Sania Azmat DHQ Teaching Hospital/Gomal medical college DIKHAN

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. The objective of this study was assessment of risk factors of low backache in patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted for year 2023 in Department of Orthopedics, DHQ Hospital, . A sample of 180 was calculated. Patients with low backache were selected excluding those with malignancy. Demographic and research variables were noted down using structured questionnaire. Pain, disability and depression was assessed using Numerical Rating Pain Scale (NRS), Quebec Disability Index (QDI) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) respectively.

Results: Out of 180 patients,153(85%) were married & had chronic LBP, 147(81.67%) lacking exercise, 135(75%) used soft sleeping material, 117(65%) had low income & radiating pain, 108(60%) were female, 93(51.66%) patients work 6-12 hours/day, had trauma history & sitting posture, 87(48.33%) had spinal deformity, 84(46.67%) had age <40 years, 81(45%) had moderately active job & high BMI, 75(41.67%) had 1-5 children, 60(33.33%) were uneducated & degenerative spine, 39(21.67%) spinal injection, 24(13.33%) smokers, 21(11.67%) spinal surgery and 15(8.33%) hypertensive. Severe pain was present in 102(56.67%), severe disability in 69(38.33%) and mild depression in 96(53.34%) patients when assessed on NRS, QDI and PHQ-9 scale respectively.

Conclusion: Low backache is caused by many factors. Lack of regular exercise, use of soft sleeping material, in-appropriate sitting posture and high BMI can be addressed by early education of patients and work related ergonomics

References

WHO latest key facts about Low back pain [accessed 2024 Jan 22]. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/low-back-pain

GBD 2021 Low Back Pain Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of low back pain, 1990-2020, its attributable risk factors, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Rheumatol. 2023 May 22;5(6):e316-e329. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(23)00098-X.

Wang L, Ye H, Li Z, Lu C, Ye J, Liao M, Chen X. Epidemiological trends of low back pain at the global, regional, and national levels. Eur Spine J. 2022 Apr;31(4):953-962. doi: 10.1007/s00586-022-07133-x.

GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020 Oct 17;396(10258):1204-1222. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9.

Jia N, Zhang M, Zhang H, Ling R, Liu Y, Li G, et al. Prevalence and risk factors analysis for low back pain among occupational groups in key industries of China. BMC Public Health. 2022 Aug 5;22(1):1493. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13730-8.

Wikipedia. Dera Ismail Khan [accessed 2024 Jan 22]. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dera_Ismail_Khan

Raosoft®online sample size calculator. Raosoft Inc., Seattle, Washington 2004. [accessed 2024 Jan 22]. Available at: www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html

Haefeli M, Elfering A. Pain assessment. Eur Spine J. 2006 Jan; 15(Suppl 1):S17-24. [accessed 2024 Jan 22]. Available at: doi: 10.1007/s00586-005-1044-x.

Misterska E, Jankowski R, Glowacki M. Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale, Low Back Outcome Score and revised Oswestry low back pain disability scale for patients with low back pain due to degenerative disc disease: evaluation of Polish versions. Spine (Phila Pa 1 976) . 2011 Dec 15;36(26):E1722-9. [accessed 2024 Jan 22].

Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001 Sep;16(9):606-613. [accessed 2024 Jan 22].

Statistics Kingdom. Proportion confidence interval calculator. Statistics Kingdom; Melbourne, Australia 2007. [accessed 2024 Jan 22]. Available at: https://www.statskingdom.com/41 _proportion_confidence_interval.html

Emorinken A, Erameh CO, Akpasubi BO, Dic-Ijiewere MO, et al. Epidemiology of low back pain: frequency, risk factors, and patterns in South-South Nigeria. Reumatologia. 2023;61(5):360-367. doi: 10.5114/reum/173377.

Zafar F, Qasim YF, Farooq M. The Frequency of Different Risk Factors for Lower Back Pain in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Cureus. 2018 Aug;10(8):e3183. doi: 10.7759/cureus.3183

Abugad, Hassan A,Otaibi A, Sultan T. Low Back Pain among Workers in a Paint Factory. Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical Sciences. 2019 Apr;7(1):p33-39. doi: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms-81-17.

Afridi BM, SikanderMS, Khan H. Prevalence of Nonspecific Low Back Pain Among the Long Route Bus Drivers in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,Pakistan. Rehabilitation Communications. 2023;2(01):05-11.

Javed S, Dawood MH, Memon MW, Selod IZ, Seja A. Prevalence of low back pain among medical doctors of the teaching hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan: A cross-sectional survey. SAGE Open Med. 2023;11:205. doi: 10.1177/20503121231157217

Luhur LJ, Ruma A, Sugianto P. Characteristics of Patients with Low Back Pain among Healthcare Professionals at John Piet Wanane General Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study. AKSONA. 2022;2(2):72–77. doi: 10.20473/aksona.v2i2.36728.

Ge L, Pereira MJ, Yap CW, Heng BH. Chronic low back pain and its impact on physical function, mental health, and health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study in Singapore. Sci Rep. 2022 Nov;12(1):20040. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-24703-7.

Ben AH, Yaich S, Trigui M, Ben HM, Ben JM, Ammar A, et al. Prevalence, Risk Factors and Outcomes of Neck, Shoulders and Low-Back Pain in Secondary-School Children. J Res Health Sci. 2019 Mar;19(1):e00440.

Siddiqui AS, Javed S, Abbasi S, Baig T, Afshan G. Association Between Low Back Pain and Body Mass Index in Pakistani Population: Analysis of the Software Bank Data. Cureus. 2022 Mar;14(3):e23645. doi: 10.7759/cureus.23645.

Rafique N, Farooq W, Umer Z, Tariq F, Bukht R, Zeeshan M, et al. Prevalence, Risk Factors and Effects of Low Back Pain on Quality of Life among Healthcare Professionals of Lahore, Pakistan: Effects of Low Back Pain on Quality of Life. PJHS. 2023 Nov;4(11):60–65. doi: 10.54393/pjhs.v4i11.1133.

Taha YA, Al Swaidan HA, Alyami HS, Alwadany MM, Al-Swaidan MH, Alabbas YH, Dhaen HM, Faidhi AA. The Prevalence of Low Back Pain Among Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study From Saudi Arabia. Cureus. 2023 May;15(5):e38997. doi: 10.7759/cureus.38997.

Mushtaq S, Mushtaq S, Salim B, NasimA. The Risk Factors of Chronic Low Backache in Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Care Hospital of Pakistan. PAFMJ. 2022 Jun;72(SUPPL-2):S150-154.

Sultana R, CheemaS, Cheema U, Parveen S. Contributing Factors Towards Low Back Pain Among Front Line Health Care Workers in Lahore, Pakistan: Contributing Factors Towards Low Back Pain. PJHS. 2023;4(02):629.

Bae YH, Shin JS, Lee J, Kim Mr, Park KB. Association between Hypertension and the Prevalence of Low Back Pain and Osteoarthritis in Koreans: A Cross- Sectional Study. PLOS ONE. 2015;10(9):e0138790.

Downloads

Published

2024-06-28

How to Cite

Risk Factors of Low Backache in Patients Presenting to A Tertiary Care Hospital of Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. (2024). Journal of Pakistan Orthopaedic Association, 36(02), 11-18. http://jpoa.org.pk/index.php/upload/article/view/843